Bank Swallow

Riparia riparia

General Status Rank: 
At Risk
ELCODE: 
ABPAU08010
Common Name: 
Bank Swallow
Scientific Name: 
Riparia riparia
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Taxonomy
Group: 
Bird
Kingdom: 
Animalia
Phylum: 
Chordata
Class: 
Aves
Order: 
Passeriformes
Family: 
Hirundinidae
References: 
B004
General Biology
Canada Known Subspecies Count: 
0

Female Age at Maturity

1
References: 
LA15

Longevity

9
References: 
LA15
Reproduction Frequency Per Year: 
0

Economic/Human Considerations

Non-game species
References: 
H129
Habitat
steep banks of soft earth near water
References: 
B004
H307
Distribution

Ecozones

Southern Arctic, Taiga Cordillera, Taiga Plains, Taiga Shield, Boreal Cordillera, Boreal Plains
References: 
B004

Distribution

(144-54)/164 (55%) (B004) ; Less according to LWB02; "Large range extent on west portion of NWT. Likely >700,000 sq km. Range extent visually estimated from range map (Canadian Wildlife Service ? Prairie & Northern Region 2009. Bird distributions in Nunavut & the Northwest Territories: 2009 Review.) "
Score: 
G
References: 
B004
H129
Winter Distribution Description: 
South America also Mexico and Carribean

Number of Occurrences

References: 
H129

Historical Distribution

Likely similar to current dist.
References: 
H129

Area of Occupancy

stable? Need data to confirm for NWT
Score: 
-
References: 
LWR01
LWR02
LA12
R226
Population

Population Size

PIF population estimate = 40,000 for non-BCR3 areas of NWT and 17,000 for BCR 3 range (DD16 Accessed on <January 25, 2015>.) PIF numbers not relable (SC)
References: 
LA01
DD16

Density

colonial
Trends

Trends

Most recent National trend = rapid decline, need to confirm for NWT; Rapid decline population trends in the 1990's, but increase in the US (LA12); now confirmed rapid decline of about 30% in 10 yrs in Canada (R226); Not enough data on this species to generate trends in the NWT through either the BBS or Liard Valley Long-term Monitoring Program
Score: 
DG
References: 
LWR01
LWR02
LA12
R226
Threats

Threats

Threats are not well understood, but are thought to include: large-scale decline or some other change in populations of flying insects; increased mortality of adults and/or young due to climate perturbations; ssues on the wintering grounds and/or during migration (pesticides, habitat loss);high levels of inter-specific competition for nests with an invasive species (House Sparrow); high loads of ectoparasites that reduce nesting success; andhuman persecution (e.g., removal of nests from bridges and other structures).
Score: 
A
References: 
B004
H129
R226

Intrinsic Vulnerability

Little human disturbance, threats to habitat in the NWT are thought to be low.Intrinsic Vulner = A (large declines)
Score: 
-
References: 
B004
H129
R226
General Status Rank
Rank: 
At Risk
Status Rank Description: 
Rapid decline population trends in Canada, Not enough data to determine the trend for this species in the NWT. Widespread spread species with moderate population numbers.
S Rank: 
S2?
Decision Process Description: 
Drafted by Leslie Wakelyn and S. Carriere mostly based on printed material in 2000; Reviewed in 2005 by Craig Machtans and L. Armer - no change in status (sensitive); Modified to Secure based on comments from C Eckert and review of more recent trends (S Carriere- 2006).; Reviewed in 2010;no change; Assessed as threatened in Canada (COSEWIC 2013), modified to At Risk due to detailed assessment (2013); Reviewed by Emily Upham-Mills CWS in 2015,suggested change to secure, but remain at risk due to continental threats as defined in detailed assessment (S Carriere)
Last Updated: 
October 17, 2017
Status Designations

NWT - Assessment by Species at Risk Committee

NWT SARC Assessment: 
Not Applicable
Species under federal jurisdiction

NWT - Species at Risk Legal Status

NWT Status Rank: 
Not Applicable
Species under federal jurisdiction

Canada – Assessment by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

COSEWIC Status: 
Threatened
2013; Designated Threatened in May 2013. COSEWIC. 2013. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Bank Swallow Riparia riparia in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. ix + 48 pp. (Species at Risk Public Registry).
References: 
R226

Canada – Species at Risk Legal Status

SARA Status: 
Threatened
2015

References

Age Of Maturity

  • Garrison, B.A. (1999) Bank Swallow in Birds of North America. No.414 The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. - LA15 Return

Area of Occupancy

  • Downes, C.M., E.H. Dunn and C.M Francis (2000) Canadian Landbird Monitoring Strategy: monitoring needs and priorities into the new millenium.. Partners in Flight - Canada A 9-15 EC-CWS, Yellowknife (L. Wakelyn) - or communicate with Erica H. Dunn, CWS in Hull, QC, at erica.dunn@ec,gc,ca - LWR01 Return
  • Downes, C.M., E.H. Dunn and C.M Francis (2000) Canadian Landbird Monitoring Strategy: monitoring needs and priorities into the new millenium. - New trend analyses - Addendum to the strategy. Partners in Flight - Canada EC-CWS, Yellowknife (L. Wakelyn) - or communicate with Erica H. Dunn, CWS in Hull, QC, at erica.dunn@ec,gc,ca - LWR02 Return
  • Dunn, E. (2005) National Action Needs for Canadian Landbird Conservation, Version 1. Canadian Wildlife Service Landbird Committee, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Canada http://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/birds/action/index_e.cfm - LA12 Return
  • COSEWIC (2013) COSEWIC Status Assessment report for Bank Swallow. - R226 Return
COSEWIC Status
  • COSEWIC (2013) COSEWIC Status Assessment report for Bank Swallow. - R226 Return

Economic Status

  • Wakelyn, Leslie (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H129 Return

Ecozones

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Habitat

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return
  • Emily Upham-Mills and Rhiannon Pankratz (2015) e-copy - H307 Return

Historical Distribution

  • Wakelyn, Leslie (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H129 Return

Intrinsic Vulnerability

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return
  • Wakelyn, Leslie (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H129 Return
  • COSEWIC (2013) COSEWIC Status Assessment report for Bank Swallow. - R226 Return

Longevity

  • Garrison, B.A. (1999) Bank Swallow in Birds of North America. No.414 The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. - LA15 Return

NWT Known Subspecies

Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Number of Occurrences

  • Wakelyn, Leslie (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H129 Return

Population Size

Rich, T.D., Beardmore, C.J., Berlanga, H., Blancher, P.J., Bradstreet, M.S.W., Butcher, G.S., Demarest, D.W Dunn, E.H., Hunter, W.C., Inigo-Elias, E.E., Kennedy, J.A., Martell, A.M., Panjabi, A.O.,et al. (2004) Partners in Flight North American Landbird Conservation Plan (janv-04). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithica, NY http://www.partnersinflight.org/cont_plan/default.htm - LA01 Return
,
Partners in Flight Science Committee 2013. Population Estimates Database, version 2013. Available at http://rmbo.org/pifpopestimates. Accessed on <January 25, 2015>. (2013) http://rmbo.org/pifpopestimates - DD16 Return

Range Extent

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return
  • Wakelyn, Leslie (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H129 Return

Short Term Trends

  • Downes, C.M., E.H. Dunn and C.M Francis (2000) Canadian Landbird Monitoring Strategy: monitoring needs and priorities into the new millenium.. Partners in Flight - Canada A 9-15 EC-CWS, Yellowknife (L. Wakelyn) - or communicate with Erica H. Dunn, CWS in Hull, QC, at erica.dunn@ec,gc,ca - LWR01 Return
  • Downes, C.M., E.H. Dunn and C.M Francis (2000) Canadian Landbird Monitoring Strategy: monitoring needs and priorities into the new millenium. - New trend analyses - Addendum to the strategy. Partners in Flight - Canada EC-CWS, Yellowknife (L. Wakelyn) - or communicate with Erica H. Dunn, CWS in Hull, QC, at erica.dunn@ec,gc,ca - LWR02 Return
  • Dunn, E. (2005) National Action Needs for Canadian Landbird Conservation, Version 1. Canadian Wildlife Service Landbird Committee, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Canada http://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/birds/action/index_e.cfm - LA12 Return
  • COSEWIC (2013) COSEWIC Status Assessment report for Bank Swallow. - R226 Return

Taxonomy

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Threats

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return
  • Wakelyn, Leslie (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H129 Return
  • COSEWIC (2013) COSEWIC Status Assessment report for Bank Swallow. - R226 Return