Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)

---

What causes ecthyma?

Contagious ecthyma is caused by a virus spread by direct contact with scabs on infected animals.

Thick scabs around mouth and lips. Mouth of a Mountain Goat suffering from ecthyma. Photo credit: H. Schwantje, BC Environment, Lands & Parks

Where does ecthyma occur?

Ecthyma is found in Dall’s sheep, mountain goats, reindeer and muskoxen, and possibly in moose, wapiti (elk) and caribou.

In the NWT and Nunavut, it occurs periodically in the Mackenzie Mountains.

It is most common and severe in younger animals.

Humans can also be infected.

What are the signs of ecthyma?

Pus-filled blisters form into thick scabs on the head, mainly on the lips, mouth, nose, eyelids, and ears.

Scabs on the mouth may make it difficult or painful for animals to eat.

Scabs can also occur on the udder and the top of the foot just above the hoof.

If scabs are on the feet, animals may be lame.

Animals that are heavily infected may be weak.

How can I protect myself?

You can get ecthyma by touching scabs on an infected animal or by touching anything that has come in contact with the scabs. The virus enters through cuts or scratches in your skin or through your eyes, nose or mouth.

Wear gloves.

Do not cut into blisters or scabs.

Wash your hands, knives, and clothes with hot soapy water after you finish butchering.

Can I eat the meat?

Meat from an infected animal is suitable for human consumption.

Trim off affected parts.

Severely infected animals may be in poor condition, reducing the quality of the meat.

Samples to collect

Scabs and surrounding area.